Modification of the fracture criterion for V-shaped notches (plane problem). Relationship between toughness and strength and structural parameters

A fracture criterion of the type of the Neuber-Novozhilov criterion is proposed to describe the fracture in the vicinity of the tip of a V-shaped notch under tensile and shear loading. In the proposed criterion, the limits of averaging of the stresses along the notch axis depend on the presence, location, and size of the initial defects in the material. The crystal lattice parameter of the initial material is chosen for the characteristic linear size. For a V-shaped notch subjected to tension and shear, simple equations are obtained that relate the stress intensity factors for the modified singularity coefficients, the singularity coefficients themselves, and the theoretical tensile and shear strengths of a single crystal of the material taking into account the damage to the material in the vicinity of the notch tip. The equations obtained allow a passage to the limit from a notch to a crack. It is shown that the classical critical stress intensity factor used in the strength analysis of cracked solids is not a material constant.Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 106–115, January–February, 2005.     

Relationship between the recovery factor and the viscous dissipation in a confined, impinging, circular jet of high-Prandtl number liquid

The radial distribution of the recovery factor for a confined impinging jet of high-Prandtl number liquid is investigated by numerical approach with emphasis on its physical mechanism. The recovery factor is determined by the viscous dissipation and Prandtl number. Unlike the case of the gas jet impingement, the recovery factor in the region close to the stagnation point can be much larger than unity, while the recovery factor at the stagnation point approaches zero. The dependence of the recovery factor on the nozzle exit velocity profile, the jet Reynolds number, and the nozzle-to-plate spacing is examined.     

用三维光弹法确定轴表面横向半椭圆裂纹应力强度因子及其修正系数

用三维光弹法测定了轴表面横向半椭圆裂纹的应力强度因子，并分析计算了应力强度因子修正系数，结果表明，应力强度因子的分布型式对加载条件和裂纹几何不敏感；修正系数对裂纹深度呈现对称分布趋势，仅取决于裂纹几何参数。     

焦散线法对双折射材料断裂性能的研究

提出了双折射材料Ⅰ-Ⅱ混合型裂纹问题焦散线的形成原理,讨论了μ(=K_I/K_I)及光学各向异性系数ξ对焦散线形状及其几个特征量的影响,得到了双折射材料应力强度因子K_Ⅰ、K_Ⅱ的求法.以聚碳酸脂、环氧树脂为例,确定了它们在不同裂纹及不同载荷条件下的应力强度因子K_Ⅰ、K_Ⅱ.     

Friction factors of finite and infinite square arrays of roughened pins

Friction factors of square arrays of roughened pins in smooth channels have been measured for a range of pin pitch to diameter ratios and roughness heights and for different sizes of array. The influence of the smooth channel has been removed in two ways; by extrapolating the results for a fixed pitch-to-diameter ratio to an infinite number of pins and by calculation from the finite array results. The resultant friction factors are compared with each other and with data obtained by testing single pins in smooth circular channels and transforming by various methods to the fully rough situation.     

Linear elastico-viscous properties of molten standard polystyrenes

This paper contains an extensive presentation of dynamic mechanical data (complex moduli), as obtained on the melts of a series of standard polystyrenes of narrow molar mass distributions. It also shows the way of obtaining structural parameters (plateau modulus and friction factor) which are needed for an interpretation of these data in terms of simple theoretical models (Maxwell elements, Doi-Edwards model). A linear mixing rule is used for taking into account the finite width of the molar mass distributions.Dedicated to Prof. F. R. Schwarzl on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

功能梯度压电材料反平面裂纹问题

基于三维弹性理论和压电理论，导出了材料系数在横观各向同性平面内梯度分布的压电体的状态方程，进而对材料系数指数函数规律分布的半无限大压电体中的反平面裂纹问题进行了求解，利用Fourier变换给出了半无限大压电体中位移，应力，电势及电位移的解析表达式，并求得了裂纹尖端的应力强度因子和电位移强度因子，分析了不同的非均匀材料系数及几何尺寸对它们的影响。     

Dynamic stress of a circular cavity buried in a semi-infinite functionally graded piezoelectric material subjected to shear waves

The paper presents a theoretical method to investigate the multiple scattering of shear waves and dynamic stress around a circular cavity in a semi-infinite functionally graded piezoelectric material. The analytical solutions of wave fields are expressed by employing wave function expansion method and the expanded mode coefficients are determined by satisfying the boundary conditions of the cavity. Image method is used to satisfy the free boundary condition of the semi-infinite structure. According to the analytical expression of this problem, the numerical solutions of the dynamic stress concentration factor around the cavity are presented. The effects of the piezoelectric property, the buried depth of the cavity, the incident wave number and the nonhomogeneous parameter of materials on the dynamic stress around the cavity are analyzed. Analyses show that the piezoelectric property has great effect on the dynamic stress in the region of intermediate frequency and the effect increases with increasing wave number. When the nonhomogeneous parameter of materials is less than zero, it has less influence on the maximum dynamic stress around the cavity; however, it has greater influence on the distribution of the dynamic stress around the cavity. When the nonhomogeneous parameter of materials is greater than zero, it has greater influence on both the maximum dynamic stress and the distribution of dynamic stress around the cavity, especially in the case that the buried depth is comparatively small.     

动态J积分及Rice J积分一致性比较与分析

首先回顾了动态J积分的发展进程,然后给出了两种常用动态J积分和Rice J积分的数学计算式,并对它们的一致性加以讨论,由此提出一种广义J积分的定义。然后通过算例,基于ANSYS软件,建立平面应变情形下纯I型中心裂纹模型,并利用编写的APDL程序计算了各个J积分,通过结果比较,进一步验证了在动态加载条件下,动态J积分比Rice J积分具有更好的路径守恒性,但仍可以看出它们的取值具有一定的一致性。最后,通过J积分间接法和裂尖位移外推法分别计算裂纹动态应力强度因子,所得结果吻合很好,验证了编写程序的正确性。     

浸没式浮筒对系泊缆松弛-张紧特性的影响研究

为了研究浸没式浮筒对悬链线系泊缆松弛-张紧特性的影响,本文基于集中质量法建立了下端锚固、上端做简谐运动的带浮筒悬链线系缆运动微分方程。运用Newton-Raphson法和Howbolt差分法,求解了系缆的运动特性和动张力值。通过与无浮筒悬链线系泊系统的对比,分析了几种不同参数的浮筒对系泊缆松弛-张紧现象及冲击放大系数两个方面的影响。结果表明:附加一定大小的浸没式浮筒能有效抑制系泊缆松弛-张紧现象的出现,并且减小系缆运动过程中动张力的冲击放大系数;但当附加浮筒的净浮力过大时,在极端海况下,会助长系泊缆上端出现松弛-张紧现象,进而影响系泊物的稳定性。